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The working principle of a switch power supply.

The working process of a switch power supply is quite easy to understand. In a linear power supply, the power transistor operates in linear mode. Unlike linear power supplies, PWM switch power supplies allow the power transistor to operate in on and off states. In these two states, the volt-ampere product applied to the power transistor is very small (when on, the voltage is low and the current is high; when off, the voltage is high and the current is low). The volt-ampere product on the power device is the loss generated on the power semiconductor device.

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The main classifications of switch power supplies.

In the field of switch power supply technology, people are developing related power electronic devices while simultaneously developing switch frequency conversion technology. The two mutually promote each other, driving the switch power supply to grow at a rate exceeding double digits each year, moving towards being lighter, smaller, thinner, lower noise, more reliable, and more resistant to interference. Switch power supplies can be divided into two main categories: AC/DC and DC/DC.

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The basic components of a switch power supply

The switch power supply is mainly composed of four parts: the main circuit, control circuit, detection circuit, and auxiliary power supply.

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Main types of switch power supplies

Modern switch power supplies come in two types: one is the DC switch power supply; the other is the AC switch power supply. This introduction focuses only on the DC switch power supply, which functions to convert low-quality raw power sources (rough power), such as mains power or battery power, into a higher quality DC voltage (fine power) that meets the requirements of the equipment. The core of the DC switch power supply is the DC/DC converter. Therefore, the classification of DC switch power supplies depends on the classification of DC/DC converters. In other words, the classification of DC switch power supplies is essentially the same as that of DC/DC converters, and the classification of DC/DC converters is basically the classification of DC switch power supplies.

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The main purpose of switch power supplies.

Switching power supply products are widely used in industrial automation control, military equipment, scientific research equipment, LED lighting, industrial control equipment, communication equipment, power equipment, instruments and meters, medical equipment, semiconductor cooling and heating, air purifiers, electronic refrigerators, LCD displays, LED lamps, communication devices, audiovisual products, security monitoring, LED light strips, computer cases, digital products, and instruments.

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Switching power supply

Switching power supplies are different from linear power supplies. Switching power supplies primarily utilize switching transistors that toggle between fully on (saturation region) and fully off (cut-off region). Both of these modes have low dissipation characteristics. The transition between these two states does incur some dissipation, but the duration is very short, making it relatively energy-efficient and generating less waste heat. Ideally, a switching power supply does not consume electrical energy itself. Voltage regulation is achieved by adjusting the on and off times of the transistors. In contrast, linear power supplies operate in the amplification region during the output voltage generation process, which inherently consumes electrical energy. The high conversion efficiency of switching power supplies is a significant advantage, and because they operate at high frequencies, they can use smaller and lighter transformers, making switching power supplies smaller and lighter than linear power supplies.

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Overview of air-cooled radiators

Integrated circuits are widely used in computer components. It is well known that high temperatures are the nemesis of integrated circuits. High temperatures can not only lead to unstable system operation and reduced lifespan but can also potentially cause certain components to burn out. The heat that causes high temperatures does not come from outside the computer but rather from within the computer, or more specifically, from within the integrated circuits. The role of the heatsink is to absorb this heat and then dissipate it either inside or outside the case, ensuring that the temperature of the computer components remains stable. Most heatsinks absorb heat by making contact with the surface of the heat-generating components and then transfer that heat away using various methods, such as to the air inside the case, which then expels the hot air outside the case, completing the computer's cooling process. There are many types of heatsinks; CPU, graphics card, motherboard chipset, hard drive, case, power supply, and even optical drives and memory all require heatsinks. These different heatsinks cannot be mixed, and the most commonly encountered is the CPU heatsink. Based on how the heatsink removes heat, they can be classified into active cooling and passive cooling. The former is commonly represented by air-cooled heatsinks, while the latter is typically represented by heat sinks. Further categorizing cooling methods, we can divide them into air cooling, heat pipes, liquid cooling, semiconductor cooling, and compressor cooling, among others. The mainstream and best-selling heatsinks in the market are primarily air-cooled heatsinks.

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Advantages of liquid cooling radiators

The liquid cooling system uses a pump to circulate the coolant in the heat dissipation pipes for cooling. The heat absorption part on the radiator (referred to as the heat absorption box in the Dongyuan liquid cooling system) is used to absorb heat from the computer's CPU, northbridge, and graphics card. The heat absorbed by the heat absorption part is expelled to the outside of the main unit through a radiator designed on the back of the case. In other words, the biggest advantage of liquid cooling is that it can transfer heat to the radiator without increasing the internal temperature of the case, rather than using liquid to cool the computer components. As long as the cooling performance of the radiator in dissipating the heat conducted by the heat pipes to the air can be improved, it is possible to achieve a silent design by reducing the fan speed of the cooling radiator or adopting a fanless design.

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